Islam Rituals

Outline how children are welcomed into the Muslim faith?

·         They speak the first words an Islamic newborn should hear-"God is great, there is no God but Allah. Muhammad is the messenger of Allah. Come to prayer.” (The call to prayer or adhaan)

·         The baby’s first taste should be something sweet e.g. the juice of a date chewed up

·         After seven days the baby’s head it shaved, showing they are a servant of Allah. It is then weighed and that amount is given in silver to the poor.

·         Muslim boys are circumcised (usually seven days after birth, but can be any time before puberty)

What is the Aqeeqah?

Traditionally carried out on the seventh day, where the family sacrifices sheep (sometimes ordered by butchers) and it is shared among relatives, neighbours and the poor.

Outline the basic elements of an Islamic wedding ceremony?

·         The Islamic marriage is revocable. Called “nikah” is Arabic.

·         Mahr is a gift to the bride, a token of the husband’s responsibility and is usually money, objects or property. They exchange gifts.

·         One party accepts the offer or marriage, proposed by the other (mutual agreement). They sign the contract, and then it is publicly announced. There needs to be two witnesses (Aqd-Nikah)

·         Any official Muslims can perform the ceremony. The record is held in the mosque and given to the local government.

·         The marriage is an act of worship.

·         The one performing the ceremony prays for the bride, groom, their families, the local Muslim community, and all Muslims.

·         Prophet Muhammad thinks the simplest weddings are the best

·         After the consummation of the marriage, there is a feast where everyone (relatives, friends, neighbours) are invited regardless of status.

The Quran

1.      What does the word Quran translate to in English?

It translates to the recitation.

2.      What is the purpose of the message sent to Mohammad why was it sent again?

Muhammad said he was a messenger bringing the same message as other prophets except in the Arabic language. Gods own message to the world to remind people of the message already received by the Jews and Christians –Gods guidance for human kind

3.      How is the message sent to Mohammad different to the messages already sent to the Christians and the Jews?

It was in the Arabic language.

4.      Is the message in the Quran the same message as in the Bible?

Yes, the same (Revelation)

5.      Name two other prophets mentioned in the Quran.

Adam and Jesus.

6.      How was the message passed on to others in the beginning?

It was an oral recitation in the beginning.

7.      Why was the original message not written down by Mohammad?

He was not literate.

8.      What language is used for the Quran?

Arabic

9.      Which city did Islam originate?

 Mecca, Saudi Arabia.

10.  What does ‘Muslim’ mean?

It means submission or to submit to God.

11.  How does the Quran differ from the Bible in the story of the death of Jesus?

The belief Jesus was not crucified but lifted to God in heaven; another man who looked like him was crucified.

12.  What does the Quran say about warfare?

Muslims may defend themselves only when there is a threat. They should be merciful to those they capture – as Muhammad was when he took over Mecca.

NB: Suras: chapters of the Qur'an, there are 114 chapters, each one is shorter than the one before it. They all start with the same verse.

The Qur'an is thought to be the completed message that began with Judiasm and Christianity.

The Symbols of Islam

The Star and Crescent

·         They are the accepted symbols of Islam since the eighteenth century; they appear on several flags of Islamic nations. Even before the time of Muhammad they were found on the Ka’aba and it is said that Muhammad allowed these symbols to remain intact when he ordered the removal of idols in the Ka’aba. (10 commandments)

·         Islamic religion started in the 6^th century

No Symbols of Allah

·         Islam has always insisted that there should be no idols and no images of Allah. An Islamic mosque is devoid of all statues and paintings- in contrast to Christian churches. Islamic artists have compensated for this restriction by developing beautiful work and calligraphy.

Bismillah (in the name of Allah)

·         One of the most prominent symbolic designs is the motif with the words Bismillah (n the name of Allah). All the Suras (chapters) of the Qur’an except one begin with the words “In the name of Allah, the Merciful, the Compassionate....” so the first word of these Suras has been taken and variously depicted in extremely ornate styles.

The Five Pillars of Islam

Pillar #1: Shahadah

·         What is the meaning of the declaration of faith? 

The declaration of faith means that the person giving it believes in one God (Allah) only and that Muhammad was his messenger. It shows that they are committing to being a Muslim.

• Why do you think that this statement is a significant part of being a Muslim?

It establishes a Muslim’s beliefs which is a big part of who they are and how they live there lives.

Video – Islam_vid_muslimpray.mov

Pillar #2: Salat

• Describe the process that Muslims go through to prepare to pray.

They wash (wudu) to cleanse before they pray.

• Describe the process of praying in Islam. How many times each day, and when, do Muslims pray?

Muslim prays five times a day: Dawn, sunrise, noon, mid-afternoon and at nightfall. They use a prayer rug so they are on cleaner ground.

• What do the prayers sound like?  What do the movements look like? 

The prayers sound like singing. They hold their hands out and lie on the ground with their knees bent, hands forward and forehead touching the ground. They also fold their hands in front of them in reverence and stand still.

• In which direction do Muslims pray? Why do they face this way?

They pray facing in the direction of Mekkah because it is where the holy shrine is.

• What are some of the things Muslims say during prayer? 

They say “God is Greater”

• Why do Muslims pray?

Muslims pray because they wish to acknowledge the power of the God they believe created everything. It also leaves them spiritually filled.

Video – Islam_vid_zakat.mov

Pillar #3: Zakat

• What is Zakaat?  What is emphasized in Zakaat?

Zakaat is obligatory to Muslims; it is a donation to those in need (2.5% of annual wealth). The concept that is emphasised in Zakaat is that God decides whether you are rich or poor, but it brings you closer to God if you let go of greed and wealth and help others. It is important to feed, clothe and support those who are poor because it makes you a better person, and helps you realise that you leave your possessions after this life and that they ultimately mean nothing to your spiritual well being. It is said that the more you give to others, the more God will give you.

• Why do Muslims make donations?  How much money is a person expected to give to charitable causes? 

Muslims make donations to support the poor by feeding and clothing them and giving them shelter. They are expected to give 2.5% of their wealth.

• What is the relationship between prayer and money?

All money belongs to God so they feel purified by giving out the money as they are distributing God’s wealth and they can feel better that they have touched someone’s life and helped them.

• How is Zakaat different from ordinary charity that Muslims might give?

It is different because it is compulsory and they only give up two and a half percent of what they earn, and they can give as much as they want to other charities.

Video - Islam_vid_islam_celeb.mov

Pillar #4: Ramadan

·         As part of the Muslim religion, what does it mean to fast? 

In the Muslims religion, to fast means to fast from food, smoking, sex and other physical activity from sunset to sundown.

• Why do Muslims fast? 

It is said that if you do not fast, you are not a complete Muslim. They believe it spiritually benefits you and helps to purify your soul.

• What and when is Ramadan?   What is Eid al-Fitr? 

Ramadan is the time when Muslims observe strict fasting from sunrise to sunset and takes place during the ninth month of the Muslim calender. Eid al- Fitr is the ending of Ramadan where feasting and gift giving takes place.

Videos – Islam_vid_hajj (part 1 & 3)

Pillar #5: Hajj

·         How often must Muslims participate in Hajj? 

Muslims participate in Hajj once in their lifetime.

• Where do Muslims go during Hajj?

They go to Mecca, Saudi Arabia in a pilgrimage. They surround the Kaaba. They then journey to the mountain where Muhammad is said to have preached his last sermon.

• What and where is the Kaaba?  Describe this place. 

The Kaaba is in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. It is a square box building, said in the Ku’ran to be made by God. All Muslims face in the direction of the Kaaba when they pray.

• How many Muslims participate in Hajj?

Around 2 million each year.

• What is the goal of Hajj? 

They Hajj’s purpose is to cleanse Muslims of their earthly attributes and bring them back to their true spiritual nature. The goal is the worship of God.

• What does it mean to enter spiritual purity? What is the purpose of the special garments?

To enter spiritual purity means to enter consciousness or an intention to pray to God and focus your full concentration upon him. The purpose of special garments is to stop you from arguing to conversing with anyone else except God. It puts everyone on an equal basis because you are all wearing the same clothes; in the eyes of God everyone is equal.

• How does Mubarak describe his experiences as a pilgrim?

He describes the column making him feel dwarfed, but that he is still focused even though he feels like an ant but he also feels enlightened when he reaches the Kaaba as he knows what he is praying to finally.

• What is the significance of Abraham to pilgrims?

He made the first pilgrimage and led his people to freedom and is also credited with rasiging the foundations of the site where Muslims now pilgrimage to.

The Mosque

Where was it, what did you do and see at the mosque?

The Mosque was located in Auburn, named the Auburn Gallipoli Mosque to communicate Islamic connection to Australian society. Once we arrived at the Mosque, we sat outside and ate recess, observing the surroundings. We were then directed inside, first required to take off our shoes and place them on the provided shelves so as not to contaminate or 'dirty' the inside of the mosque. We went inside and sat on the floor and had a discussion about Islam beliefs and the rituals that take place inside the Mosque with a woman who worked there. I noticed religious decorations such as Arabic scribe on the roof, the fountain where Islamic people cleansed themselves before entering the mosque for prayer and the quibla wall. We then ate lunch at a nearby oval and then left to go back to school.

What did you learn? Identify major items/facts?

I learnt that Muslims pray five times a day, and whilst doing this, there are no pews, but they sit on the floor. Males and females are usually segregated to ensure full concentration on the service- I was also surprised the women see this as an advantage. Both men and women are required to dress modestly before entering the mosque. Because of the many stereotypes as submissive Islamic women, it was enlightening to see that women choose to dress this way as a way to gain equality- so they are not judged by their appearance by males. I also learnt that once in every Muslims life, they are encouraged to embark on a pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia, the home of Islam.

What have you gained from the experience?

From visiting the mosque, I have gained insight into a new and foreign religion. Many of the names and terms were unknown to me, and it was interesting to learn about a way of life I have never really encountered before. I also enjoyed the classic Turkish 'Ottoman' architecture

Auburn Gallipoli Mosque

Facts About Islam

http://www.islamicity.com/Mosque/uiatm/un_islam.htm

• What is Islam about?

Islam means "submission" or "submission to God". It derives from a word meaning "peace."

• What were the origins of Islam

Islam originated in the 6th Century (570 AD) in Saudi Arabia, Mecca. Muhammad received a revelation from God and Islam begins, aged 40.

• How does someone become a Muslim?

To become a Muslim, one must simply repeat the phrase "there is no God apart from God, and Muhammad is the messenger of God." By saying this, one announces their faith in Islam, it's prophets and scripture.

• How do Muslims practice their religion?

Muslims practice their religion by praying 5 times a day usually in a Mosque (also accepted at other locations) and also uphold the 5 Pillars of Islam "(faith, prayer, concern for the needy, self-purification, and the pilgrimage to Makkah)"

• What is the Ka'ba (image)

The Ka’ba is a place of worship built over 4 thousand years ago. God commanded Abraham and Ishmael to build it.

• What were the highlights of Muhammad's life?

o   Muhammad was born in Makah in the year 570

o   Muhammad received a revelation known as the Quran from God through Gabriel (the angel). He had Gabriel’s words written down.

o   Muhammad preached Gabriel’s words which eventually led to the Hijra (migration)

• What is the Qu'ran

ü  The Quran is the Islam holy book

ü  114 chapters

ü  It consists of all the words that Gabriel conveyed to Muhammad

ü  The Quran is the source of the Muslim faith

Core Beliefs of Islam

Section 1:

-          The words Islam and Muslim both mean ‘submission’

-          Muslims believe God/Allah made everything

-          The Muslim holy book is called the Qur’an

-          A star and crescent moon is the symbol of Islam

Section 2:

-          Muslims submit to Allah because they believe he is the one God and has made everything

-          Muslims believe Muhammad is a great prophet who  received messages from Allah from the angel Gabriel and collected these messages into the holy book, the Qur’an.

Section 3:

-          This symbol is used as the symbol of Islam because many Islamic people originally lived in the desert, where it is essential to rely on the moon and stars to guide the way at night- they believe their religion guides them into a holy life.

-          Two Islamic countries include Turkey and Afghanistan

Quick Questions:

-          The religion of Muslim people is called ‘Islam’

-          Submission means to yield and surrender to a person, object or idea and to let it have complete control over you.

-          The Muslim name for God is Allah

-          A symbol is “something that stands for something else”

-          The greatest and last prophet of Islam is Muhammad

The Gospels and The Life of Jesus

The New testament Gospels

·         All the Gospels were written sometime between 59-70 AD- the exact date is not known.

·         These gospels’ aim is to promote the Saviour of mankind and to promote the good word as to lead humans into Gods light and security

Matthew

·         Anonymous writer- pseudonym “Matthew”

Mark

·         The author is anonymous, but Early Christian tradition identifies the author as “Mark the Evangelist.”

Luke

·         An associate of the apostle Paul, and the author of Acts

John

·         Anonymous/not completely known, but identified with “John the Apostle”

Belief Like of Jesus

Miracle:

·         When Jesus was at Capernaum, men brought in a paralytic on a stretch/bed through a hole in the roof as the room was so crowded

·         Jesus told the man that his sins were forgiven, and so the man stood and walked

Crucifixion:

·         Judas was the betrayer- he was a disciple and betrayed Jesus for gold

·         Kissed Jesus on the cheek to show he was the one the Roman guards would seize

·         Crucifixion was an ancient method of execution in which the victim's hands and feet were bound and nailed to a cross. (http://christianity.about.com/od/goodfriday/p/crucifixionhub.htm)

·         They say him as a threat to society and to the restrictions and rules they had set down for the Jews

·         He was forced to carry the cross through Jerusalem, and was nailed from approximately 9am-3 pm

·         Christ’s death was the atonement for mankind- took their sins to his death

Resurrection:

·         Mary Magdalene found the stone of Jesus’ tomb opened after three days- angels told her that Jesus had risen

·         She found Jesus and mistook him for the gardener at first

·         Jesus told her he was now going to heaven

·         Jesus’ spirit spent three days in Hell in penance for mankind’s sin

·         Mary went to spread the Good News to the world

Parents:

·         Mary of Nazareth was a virgin; she conceived Jesus through Immaculate Conception, making him Gods son

·         She married Joseph

Christian Celebrations

Pentecost:

·         Pentecost is the celebration that marks the origin or beginning of the Catholic Church by the power of the Holy Spirit.

·         Its historical context is that the Holy Spirit or Ghost descended upon the apostles.

·         It commemorates the Holy Spirits descent, which was the origin of the Christian church and has kept it persevering for two thousand years

·         While the disciples were praying, wind filled the house and they felt fire (the Holy Spirit) above their heads

·         They went out onto the street and began preaching and a crowd formed, the Apostles being able to talk in each person’s language.

·         Peter preached about Jesus, the son of God, and as a result, three thousand people were baptised that day.

·         The Spirit gave seven gifts:

o   Wisdom

o   Understanding

o   Counsel

o   Inward Strength

o   Knowledge

o   True Godliness

o   Holy Fear (Reverence & True Religion) 

·         Pentecost takes place fifty days after Easter Sunday (which varies year to year)

·         The main people involved: The Eleven Disciples

·         Symbols include:

o   The colour red (fire of the Holy Ghost)

o   Tongues of fire

o   The dove (the holy spirit)

o   A sailing ship (representing the church)

o   The seven lamps (gifts of the Spirit)

Holy Thursday:

·         Maundy Thursday is the Christian feast or holy day on the Thursdays before Thursday that commemorate the last supper of Jesus Christ when he shared a Passover meal with his disciples on the night before he was crucified, before the Passover meal, Jesus washed the feet of his disciples and during the meal.
 Jesus took bread and wine and asked his Father to bless it, this is why many churches hold communion services as part of their holy Thursday celebrations. It is the 5^th day of Holy Week, proceeded by Holy Wednesday and followed by Good Friday. 

·         The disciples of Jesus were originally involved in this act. Now today, any Christian can be involved in this celebration.

       

Good Friday:

•       Good Friday is a Christian holiday held on the Friday before Easter. It commemorates the crucifixion of Jesus Christ and his death at Calvary.

•        It is traditionally a day of mourning and is a very important day in church calendars, as the crucifixion and resurrection of Jesus are central events in Christian beliefs

•       Good Friday is traditionally a time of fasting and penance.

Corpus Christi:

•       Takes place on Thursday the 7^th June every year.

•       It is a time when Catholics worship Christ publically and in every way they can.

•       In commemoration many Christians receive communion on this day.

•       There are processions through streets, masses for the Eucharist, 6 or 4 candles burn on the altar.

•       In some countries the bread (or host) is paraded throughout the streets. Priests carry the bread in a monstrance, which is a type of vessel. In Spain and Provence the processions can be elaborate, featuring saints and characters from the Bible, following a path decorated with wreaths and flowers.

•       The most important part of the ceremony is when the bishop raises the silver monstrance and exposes the Blessed Sacrament, the “body of Christ.”

Background:

•       Corpus Christi has been in honour of the Catholic Church since 1246. The term is latin that means the body of Christ. The date changes every year and is celebrated on the Thursday after Trinity Sunday or on the Sunday after Holy Trinity in some countries.

•       The feast was introduced from Belgium to England at some stage between 1318 and 1325, according to various sources.